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Industrial Engineering
University, Engineering and Architecture
Design, production, and optimization of industrial processes and systems. Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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What you need to know
Read the full theory →Definition and Context of Industrial Engineering
- Definition: Optimization of processes and complex systems through integrated systems.
- Objective: High-quality products/services that satisfy society and respect the environment.
- Methods: Application of engineering analysis, synthesis, and design.
- Integrated disciplines: Administration, electrical engineering, chemistry, manufacturing, economics, finance, operations research, quality control, and social sciences.
- Historical origin: Emerged after the Industrial Revolution (19th century) due to productivity needs.
- Synonyms and variants: Operations Management, Systems Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, or Health Systems Engineering.
- Terminology in Spain: It is referred to as 'ingeniería de organización industrial' (Industrial Organization Engineering).
- Professional qualification in Spain: Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial (Master of University Engineering in Industrial Engineering).
- Key institutions in Spain: UPM, UPC, UPV, US, UNIZAR, UNIOVI, UMA, UC3M, UNAV, DeustoTech, and Universidade de Vigo.
Profile, training, and applications of Industrial Engineering in Latin America and Mexico
- Industrial Engineering: combines knowledge of production, management, finance, and economics.
- Labor market: covers heavy industry, banking, hospitals, textiles, logistics, and metalworking.
- Infrastructure: requires compliance with international standards for environmental control and occupational safety.
- Brazil: Industrial Engineering is a full engineering degree with training in all areas of engineering.
- Brazil: mandatory subjects include Mathematics, Physics, Technological Chemistry, Thermodynamics, and Fluid Mechanics.
- Brazil: the Production Engineer specializes in productivity and has a more technical profile than a manager.
- Brazil: minimum duration of the Production Engineering course: five years.
- Mexico: key institutions include ITESM, UNAM, IPN, TecNM, UAM, UANL, UP, UDLAP, and UTEL.
- Specialization areas: management, procurement, supply chains, operations research, systems, ergonomics, quality, processes, and value.
- Regulation: requires a license or approval from an engineering college in many countries.
- Applications: system design in banks, hospitals, global logistics, and traffic management.
- Production methodologies: Toyota Production System, Lean Manufacturing, and Monozukuri.
- Analysis tools: statistics and discrete-event simulation.
History and Origins of Industrial Engineering
- Basic mechanisms: inclined plane, wedge, pulley, lever, screw, and wheel
- Professional origin: Industrial Revolution (England and the USA)
- Key technologies: steam engine, flying shuttle, and spinning mule
- Key concept: economies of scale and centralized mass production
- Richard Arkwright: Inventor of the mechanical spinning frame and the first administrative control system
- Charles Babbage: Introduced the subdivision of tasks and the analysis of repetitive tasks
- Adam Smith: Theory of the Division of Labor
- James Watt and Matthew Boulton: First to apply cost control and technical training
- Eli Whitney and Simeon North: Pioneers of the interchangeable parts system
- Interchangeable parts: Enable mass production with tolerances and reduce the need for manual skill
Historical Evolution and Pioneers of Industrial Engineering
- Charles Babbage: creator of analytical systems for productivity
- Frederick Taylor: Father of scientific management (1911)
- Taylor's Formula: defined task + determined time + defined manner = maximum production
- Taylor's Publications: 'Purchasing Management' and 'The Principles of Scientific Management' (1900)
- Therblig Method: identification of 18 elementary movements (Frank and Lillian Gilbreth)
- Henry Ford: father of the assembly line and mass production
- Henry Gantt: popularized the Gantt Chart in 1912
- Post-World War II: development of TQM, MRP, and Kanban
Flashcard preview (6 of 20)
- 01
What types of systems does industrial engineering deal with optimizing?
Complex systems or organizations.
- 02
Main purpose of industrial engineering:
To obtain high-quality products or useful services that satisfy society.
- 03
In the healthcare sector, what are industrial engineers commonly called?
Management engineers or health systems engineers.
- 04
In Spain, what term is used to refer to what was formerly called industrial engineering?
Ingeniería de organización industrial (Industrial Organization Engineering).
- 05
In Spain, what degree qualifies one to practice the profession of industrial engineer?
Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial (University Master's in Industrial Engineering).
- 06
In Brazil, what is the name of the professional who is called an 'ingeniero de organización industrial' in Spain?
Production Engineer.
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