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Mechanical Engineering
University, Engineering and Architecture
Design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems and machines. Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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What you need to know
Read the full theory →Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Mechanical Engineering
- Definition: The study and application of physical principles for the design and manufacture of electromechanical systems.
- Objectives: Creation of machinery, transportation systems, ventilation, and industrial plants.
- Design criteria: Must consider technical, ecological, and economic aspects.
- Key subjects: Thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, materials science, control theory, and numerical analysis.
- Interdisciplinary connections: Electrical, industrial, civil, mining, and chemical engineering.
- Solid mechanics: Includes machines, transportation, and heavy machinery.
- Fluid mechanics: Includes aeronautics, hydraulic systems, and reservoir statics.
- Energies: Solar, hydraulic, and wind.
- Greek origins: Archimedes (mechanics) and Heron of Alexandria (first steam engine).
- Chinese contributions: Seismometer (Zhang Heng), differential gear carriage (Ma Jun), and escapement mechanisms (Su Song).
- Islamic contributions: Al-Jazari (1206) designed the camshaft and the crankshaft.
- Modern milestone: Isaac Newton formulated Newton's three laws and developed calculus in the 17th century.
History and Evolution of Mechanical Engineering
- Origin: Need to manage motion and equilibrium in complex devices.
- Energy milestones: Steam, coal, petrochemicals, and electricity (Industrial Revolution, 18th century).
- ASME: Founded in 1880 in the United States.
- U.S. Education: Military Academy (1817), Norwich (1819), and Rensselaer (1825).
- Argentina: Officialization at UBA; creation of Universidad Obrera (1950s).
- Argentina: Academic workload of between 36 and 45 subjects.
- Mexico: Real Seminario de Minería (1792) is the first engineering school in Latin America.
- Mexico: ESIME created in 1932, start of courses in 1936.
- Mexico: Evolution of the school from 1535 to School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering during the Revolution.
History and Development of Mechanical Engineering in Chile and Computational Tools
- First power plant in Chile: Chivilingo (1896-1897)
- First mechanical engineer to graduate in Chile: Francisco González Villalobos (1940)
- Academic origin in Chile: School of Arts and Crafts (1849)
- Degree at USACH: Started in 1941
- Degree at U. de Concepción: Created in 1956, first graduates in 1962
- Degree at U. de Chile: Started in 1966, first graduates in 1970
- Degree at UTEM: Started in 2016
- Computer-aided calculation: Initiated by Pierre Bézier in 1968
- Analysis tools: FEA, finite volumes, and CFD
- CAM: Allows direct instructions for CNC machines
- NAFEMS: International organization for calculation standards
- ASME: Founded in 1880, establishes codes and standards in the USA
- NCEE: Performs certification exams in the USA
- Associations in Colombia: AIMUN and ACIEM
- Registered members in Spain (2024): 45,000 members in 21 colleges
- Instituto de la Ingeniería de España: Over 120 years of history
Mechanical Engineering Entities and Resources
- ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- AEIM: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Mecánica (Spanish Association of Mechanical Engineering)
- SOMIM: Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Mecánica (Mexican Society of Mechanical Engineering)
- ACIEM: Asociación Colombiana de Ingenieros (Colombian Association of Engineers)
- SIB: Sociedad de Ingenieros de Bolivia (Bolivian Society of Engineers)
- NAFEMS: National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards
- KMODDL: Cornell Library with mechanical models and historical texts
- Educational resources: Wikiversity, Wikimedia Commons, and free 3D CAD libraries
- Glossary: Mechanical Engineering Glossary (ETSII-UPM)
- Publication: Revista de Ingeniería Mecánica Cuba
Flashcard preview (6 of 20)
- 01
In mechanical engineering, what physical principles are used to analyze static and dynamic systems?
Heat, forces, conservation of mass, and conservation of energy.
- 02
In the mechanical engineering curriculum, what specific subjects are included in addition to the basics of electronics and chemistry?
Civil engineering concepts.
- 03
Which subdiscipline of mechanical engineering covers solar photovoltaic, thermal, and wind energy?
Energy.
- 04
Who created the first steam engine (c. 10-70 AD)?
Heron of Alexandria.
- 05
What basic mechanisms, which today form the basis of mechanical devices, did Al-Jazari present in his 1206 book?
Camshafts and crankshafts.
- 06
In what year was the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) formed?
1880
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