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Nursing
University
Introduction to the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing. Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
30 flashcards18 quiz questions6 summary sections
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Read the full theory →Definition, concepts, and nursing professionals
- Nursing: a discipline of care, health promotion, and disease prevention
- Nature: autonomous, independent, and multidisciplinary work
- ANA Definition (1987): diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health problems
- Historical Milestone: Florence Nightingale, "Notes on Nursing" (1859)
- Key concepts: self-care, research, metaparadigm, nursing process, models and theories
- University level: Graduate Nurses (responsible for management, evaluation, and care)
- Nursing functions: independent (care) and interdisciplinary (invasive techniques, medication)
- Triage function: the nurse's responsibility in emergency departments to prioritize patients
- Nurse supervisor: organizes the work and the physical environment of the unit
- Vocational training level: Nursing Assistants (TCAE)
- Evolution in Spain: Practitioners → ATS (1950-1970) → D.U.E. (1977) → Graduates (Bologna Process)
Historical evolution, training, and nursing specialties
- Clinical assistant: legislative figure in 1973
- Vocational training for assistants: started in 1975
- Mandatory vocational training title for assistants: since 1984
- Nursing assistant category: created in 1986
- Current title: Nursing Assistant Technician (Decrees 546/1995 and 558/1995)
- Qualification level of the degree: Level 3 (since 2007)
- Specialist examination: Enfermero Interno Residente (EIR) (Internal Resident Nurse)
- Specialist residency duration: 2 years
- EIR specialties: mental health, occupational, family/community, geriatric, obstetric-gynecological, pediatric, military, and prison nursing
- First nursing school: India, 250 BC (exclusive to men)
- Term 'nosocomial': derived from nosocomi (a man who provided care in ancient Rome)
- Oldest care practice: feeding by the mother/substitute
Historical evolution of nursing: Middle Ages, Modern, and Contemporary periods
- Middle Ages: Close link between Christianity, monasteries, and nursing care
- Crusades: Emergence of three figures (warrior, religious, and nurse)
- Military nursing orders: Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, Teutonic Knights, and Knights of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem
- Spain: Hospital del Obispo Masona (Mérida) is the first institution (6th century)
- Key medieval hospitals: Hôtel-Dieu (Paris/Lyon), Santo Spirito (Rome), Seo de Tortosa, Mérida, and d'en Clapers (Valencia)
- Beguine movement: Holy women who cared for the sick without religious vows
- Historical denominations: macipa, mossa, clavera, donado, donada, hospitaler, hospitalera, enfermero
- Administration: Generally men, except in the Hospital del Rey de Burgos
- Until 1500: Predominantly domestic care (wet nurses, midwives,助comadronas)
- 16th Century: The Protestant Reformation suppresses charitable institutions and abandons nursing care
- 1500-1860: "Dark Age of Nursing" (considered a religious occupation, not an intellectual one)
- Scientific advancement: The microscope improves well-being in the health sciences
- 1836: Kaiserwerth Deaconess Institute (Theodor Fliedner) begins formal training
Historical and conceptual evolution of nursing
- Key publication: Notes on Nursing by Florence Nightingale in 1859
- Nightingale Training School for Nurses founded in 1860
- Nightingale's innovation: training by nurses in hospital and community settings
- Nightingale's concept: a clean environment for nature to act upon the patient
- Official university degree in nursing in Spain: 1915 (Universidad Central de Madrid)
- First 50 positions for visiting and sanitary nurses in Spain: 1933
- First nursing text in the U.S.: Clara Weeks Shaw, 1885
- Pioneer of Community Nursing: Lilian Wald (project in New York, 1893)
- Sigma Theta Tau founded in 1922 to promote research and leadership
- Bixler and Bixler's professional criteria: identified during World War II
- Dorothea Orem's definition (1958): human service for self-care and facilitator of autonomy
- Ami Francis Brown's definition (1958): assistance and care as a central function
- Gertrud B. Ujhely's definition (1962): support and sustenance for the patient through interpersonal relationships
- Lydia E. Hall's circles of functions (1964): body-care, illness-cure, and person-introspection
Historical and conceptual evolution of nursing
- Professional base: self-regulation, public service, and deontological autonomy.
- Hildegard Peplau (1964): Nursing as an educational process and psychodynamic relationship.
- Martha Rogers (1970): Nursing as a science/art based on research; priority on promotion and prevention.
- Callista Roy (1970): Focus on the biopsychosocial being and its adaptation responses.
- Interrelationship models: Integrate Peplau, Rogers, and Roy.
- Beverly Witter Du Gas (1970): Care is the central role; the care process is the scientific method.
- Rosamaria Alberdi (1980s): First mention of care for social groups.
- Yyer, Tapatich, and Renocchi-Losey (1986): The guiding axis is the care plan throughout the life cycle.
- María Consuelo Castrillón (1980s): Three functions: caring, managing, and educating.
- Spain (1953): Unification into ATS (Asistente Técnico Sanitario - Health Technical Assistant).
- Spain (1977): Transformation of ATS into DUE (Diplomado Universitario en Enfermería - University Diploma in Nursing).
- Spain (Present): Obtaining a PhD in Nursing following the Bologna Process.
- USA (Present): Two types of doctorate; access to the American Academy of Nursing through original research.
External links and references
- Study: Forensic nurses provide better care than physicians in cases of rape and sexual assault
- Study source: The Campbell Collaboration (September 13, 2018)
- Multimedia resource: Gallery on Nursing on Wikimedia Commons
Flashcard preview (6 of 30)
- 01
According to the American Nurses Association, what defines nursing?
The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
- 02
Who published the book "Notes on Nursing" in 1859, laying the foundations of professional nursing?
Florence Nightingale
- 03
In Spain, what are the two current levels of study in nursing?
University Degree in Nursing and Vocational Training Cycle in Nursing Assistantship.
- 04
In the context of hospital emergencies, what initial clinical assessment function does the nurse perform?
Triage
- 05
In Spain, which functions are considered interdisciplinary for the nurse?
Medication administration, special dressings, and invasive techniques.
- 06
In what year was the Statute of Non-Medical Health Personnel of the Social Security (Order of the Ministry of Labor) approved?
1973
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