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Pharmacy
University
Introduction to the Bachelor's Degree in Pharmacy. Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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What you need to know
Read the full theory →Definition, history, and disciplines of Pharmacy
- Definition: The science and practice of preparation, preservation, presentation, and dispensing of medications.
- Etymology: From the Greek fármakon (medicine, poison, toxin).
- Evolution: From artisanal production (pre-20th century) to the pharmaceutical industry.
- New functions: Clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, and public health counseling.
- Representation in Spain: Ley de Sanidad de 1855 (Health Law of 1855).
- Basic sciences: Organic chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, botany, and molecular biology.
- Main division: Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Practice.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences: Include pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmacognosy.
- Pharmaceutical Practice: Includes hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, primary care, and extemporaneous compounding.
- Pharmacovigilance and pharmacotherapeutic monitoring: Key activities in clinical practice.
- Clinical pharmacology: Exclusive to Medicine (except in the USA and the Netherlands).
- Clinical pharmacokinetics: A discipline with significant contribution and practice in hospital pharmacy.
- Current trends: Pharmaceutical biotechnology and gene therapy.
Definition, regulation, and personnel of the community pharmacy
- Pharmacy: place for dispensing medications, parapharmacy, and health advice.
- Regulation in Spain: Pharmaceutical Regulation Laws by autonomous community.
- Legal requirements: include licenses, prices, and minimum distances between pharmacies.
- Mandatory personnel: a qualified pharmacist must always be present.
- Pharmacist categories: Owners, associates, substitutes, and regents.
- Pharmacy technician: responsible for receiving orders and assisting with dispensing.
- Key functions: dispensing, providing information, compounding magistral formulas, and basic clinical analysis.
- Industrial production: mass manufacturing with quality control systems.
- SIGRE point: container for medicinal waste and empty packaging.
- Common symbols: Bowl of Hygieia, Green Greek Cross, Mortar and Pestle.
- The symbol ℞ (Recipere): indicates the delivery of the curative product as prescribed.
Hospital pharmacy services and medication classification
- Dependency: Hospital pharmacy services are dependent on the medical direction.
- Functions: Management, logistics, and clinical (acquisition, dispensing, pharmacovigilance, etc.).
- Key preparations: Parenterals (antibiotics, antineoplastics, nutrition) and unit doses.
- Professional requirement: Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy + Specialist in Hospital Pharmacy.
- Training: National exam + 4 years of residency (FIR).
- Subspecialties: Oncology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacoepidemiology, and Nutrition.
- Staffing (600 beds): 5-6 specialists and 4-8 residents.
- Staffing (>1500 beds): Approximately 15 specialists.
- Classification under the General Health Law: By preparation (Magistral, Officinal, Specialties) and nature.
- Allopathic Medicines: Registered in the Pharmacopeia of the United Mexican States.
- Biotechnological Medicines: Produced by molecular biotechnology (Art. 222 bis).
Sale and supply of medicines to the public
- Prescription medicines: require special permission from the Ministry of Health
- Prescription with retention: the physician may prescribe a maximum of 2 presentations
- Validity of prescription with retention: 30 days
- 3-dispense prescription: retained on the third occasion and must be stamped/recorded each time
- Medical refills: prescription drugs that allow as many times as the physician indicates
- Yellow-labeled medicines: exclusive sale in pharmacies without a prescription
- Over-the-counter medicines: may be sold in non-pharmaceutical establishments
- Sanitary registration: granted solely by the Ministry of Health (Secretaría de Salud)
- Registration key: must be unique per product/formulation
- Abbreviation M: indicates allopathic medication
- Abbreviation P: indicates herbal medication
- Abbreviation Y: indicates homeopathic medication
- Key components: consecutive number, abbreviation, year, and SSA
Flashcard preview (6 of 20)
- 01
Etymology of the word 'pharmacy' (from the Greek φάρμακον):
Medicine, poison, toxin.
- 02
Who was the 2nd-century Greek physician expert in preparing medicines (Galenic Pharmacy)?
Galen.
- 03
In which century did the production of medicines by the modern pharmaceutical industry begin?
20th Century.
- 04
The two main branches into which pharmacy is currently divided are:
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Practice.
- 05
In Spain, in which 1855 law are pharmacists represented through professional colleges?
Health Law (Ley de Sanidad).
- 06
In Spain, what type of laws regulate community pharmacies in each autonomous community?
Pharmaceutical Regulation Laws (Leyes de Ordenación Farmacéutica)
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