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Speech-Language Pathology

University

Introduction to the Degree in Speech-Language Pathology. Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

15 flashcards9 quiz questions3 summary sections

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Definition, terminology, and scope of speech-language pathology and speech therapy

  • Definition: A health, psychology, and linguistics discipline for communication disorders.
  • Objective: Prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and intervention in voice, speech, language, hearing, and swallowing.
  • Etymology: Logopedia (education of the word), Fonoaudiología (voice and sound).
  • Terminology: Fonoaudiología (South America), Speech Therapy (Mexico/Costa Rica/Venezuela), Logopedia (Spain/Italy/Cuba/Dominican Republic), Orthophonie (France/Canada).
  • Healthcare setting: Hospitals, rehabilitation centers, ICUs, early intervention, and neurological services.
  • Social-welfare setting: Schools, day centers, geriatric residences, and home care.
  • Other settings: Mass media, correctional institutions, and research.
  • Developmental disorders: Language delay, dyslalias, disorders due to social deprivation or cognitive deficits (autism, intellectual disability).
  • Sensory/motor disorders: Hearing loss, deaf-blindness, cerebral palsy.
  • Learning difficulties: Dyslexia, dysgraphia, reading delay, and dyscalculia.
  • Acquired disorders: Aphasias, dysphasias, dysarthrias, amusias, and agraphias due to neurological injury.

Communication disorders, areas of speech therapy, and qualifications

  • Presbycusis and age-related decline: neurodegenerative and infectious disorders.
  • Dysphonias: can be organic or functional.
  • Dysglossias: articulation disorders caused by structural alterations.
  • Dysphagia: a swallowing disorder.
  • SLD: Specific Language Impairment (childhood).
  • TAL: Language-Associated Disorders (e.g., ADHD, Autism).
  • Aphasias and Apraxias: adult or neurogenic language disorders.
  • Autonomous Speech-Language Pathology in: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Paraguay.
  • Hearing and Language Teacher: works in educational centers (R.D.1440/1991).
  • Speech-Language Pathologist (Logopeda): works in healthcare centers (hospitals/clinics).
  • IALP: founded in 1924, brings together 64 societies in 45 countries.
  • Key journals: Child Language Teaching and Therapy, Dysphagia, Journal of Voice, Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología.

Stages of child language and communication development

  • Prelinguistic stage: communication prior to spoken language.
  • 6 months to 1 year: internalization of the phonological system and native language distinctions.
  • Crying: instinctive communication that acquires variations through contextual association.
  • 2 months: onset of vocal play or babbling (vowels and gutturals).
  • Gestural babbling: a variant in children with deaf parents.
  • 5 months: vocal diversification due to external auditory stimuli.
  • 1 year: onset of assigning meaning to specific sounds.
  • 12 to 18 months: onset of single-word message articulation.
  • 12 to 24 months: lexical acquisition explosion of objects and contexts.
  • Before 24 months: rare production of messages longer than two words.

Flashcard preview (6 of 15)

  1. 01

    Etymology of 'logopedia': what do the Greek terms logos and paideia mean?

    Word and education (of children).

  2. 02

    In the context of speech-language pathology, what does the Greek term phōnḗ mean?

    Voice, sound.

  3. 03

    In Spain, which two countries share the use of the term 'logopedia' besides Spain?

    Italy.

  4. 04

    In speech-language pathology, what two fields of work does it encompass?

    Speech therapy and audiology.

  5. 05

    In the socio-assistance field, in which centers does the speech therapist intervene?

    Early intervention, early childhood education, schools, support centers, elderly care, day centers, associations, home care, courts, and geriatric residences.

  6. 06

    Language impairment due to aging and neurodegenerative disorders: what is the name for age-related hearing loss?

    Presbycusis

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